Some Pictures About Ptosis

Aponeurotic Ptosis
Aponeurotic ptosis is the most common form of ptosis in adults. It results from stretching or dehiscence of the levator aponeurosis.



Apraxia of Eyelid
In apraxia of eyelid opening, the levator muscle fails to contract resulting in lid closure without observable orbicularis contraction.




Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO)
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a genetically inherited disorder characterized by upper eyelid ptosis and total ocular ophthalmoplegia.



Congenital Myogenic Ptosis
Congenital myogenic ptosis is a unilateral or bilateral condition characterized by eyelid ptosis and decreased levator muscle function. It may be associated with superior rectus muscle weakness.



Ptosis, Aponeurogenic
In this type of ptosis, the levator aponeurosis becomes stretched and redundant, or more rarely, disinserted from the upper eyelid tarsal plate. The upper eyelid crease is typically higher than normal. This is the most common cause of acquired ptosis in adults.




Ptosis, Mechanical
Mechanical ptosis results from scarring or a mass that restricts the upper eyelid from opening completely. The levator muscle and its aponeurosis are usually normal. The cutaneous scars indicate previous injury.




Ptosis, Myogenic
In myogenic ptosis there is dysfunction of the striated levator muscle. This is most commonly a congenital myopathy, seen at or shortly after birth. In adults, this can result from diseases such as chronic progressive external ophthalmoplagia or myotonic dystrophy.




Ptosis, Neurogenic
Injury to the neural innervation that supplies the levator muscle results in a neuropathic ptosis in which muscle function is reduced. Lesions anywhere from the central oculomotor nucleus to the peripheral fibers of the oculomotor nerve may be responsible. Here the third nerve is not functioning.

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